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Braunschweig, C.L., Gomez, S., Sheean, P., Tomey, K.M., Rimmer, J.H., & Heller, T. (2004). Nutritional status and risk factors for chronic disease in urban-dwelling adults with Down syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109(2), 186-193. Nutritional status and biochemical risk factors for chronic disease were assessed in 48 community-dwelling adults with Down syndrome in the Chicago area. Dietary intake was measured using a food frequency questionnaire completed by the participant's primary caregiver; anthropometric measures included height and weight and waist circumference. Plasma glucose and lipid concentrations were assessed following a 10-hour fast. Overall, 89% of participants were overweight or obese, 54% had large waist circumferences, and none met the current guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake. Mean concentrations for lipids and glucose, however, were within normal limits; and prevalence for hypertension, elevated lipids, and glucose were less than those for the general population of the United States. (author).