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The Olmstead decision of 1999 called on states to offer services to individuals with disabilities, including persons who have intellectual and developmental disabilities, in the most integrated setting feasible. In the decade following the Olmstead decision (1999-2009) states actively reduced the number of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities residing in public or private residential facilities of 16 or more persons and increased access to more integrated community options. Between 1999 and 2009, the total number of residential service recipients increased to 436,670 (+20.9%). In 1999, 82,718 individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (25% of residential recipients) were living in public or private institutions compared to 59,604 (14% of service recipients) in 2009, a decrease of 27.9%.
The article is available online at:
http://www.aaiddjournals.org/doi/full/10.1352/1934-9556-49.1.53