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DeLeon, I. G., Fisher, W. W., & Marhefka, J. (2004). Decreasing self-injurious behavior associated with awakening in a child with autism and developmental delays. Behavioral Interventions, 19, 111-119. Direct observation data revealed that self-injurious behavior (SIB) emitted by a young boy with autism occurred primarily within one hour after waking versus all other times of the day. Experimentally manipulated scheduled awakenings supported the hypothesized relation between waking and SIB. A faded-bedtime procedure was then implemented to stabilize his sleep patterns, which reduced awakenings by 81% and post-waking SIB by 82%.